Syria Looks to Solar Power Amid Crisis 07/07 06:14

   

   DAMASCUS, Syria (AP) -- Abdulrazak al-Jenan swept the dust off his solar 
panel on his apartment roof overlooking Damascus. Syria's largest city was 
mostly pitch-black, the few speckles of light coming from the other households 
able to afford solar panels, batteries, or private generators.

   Al-Jenan went thousands of dollars in debt to buy his solar panel in 2019. 
It was an expensive coping mechanism at the time, but without it, he couldn't 
charge his phone and run the refrigerator.

   Syria has not had more than four hours of state electricity per day for 
years, as a result of the nearly 14-year civil war that ended with the ouster 
of former President Bashar Assad in December.

   Syria's new leaders are hoping renewable energy will now become more than a 
patchwork solution. Investment is beginning to return to the country with the 
lifting of U.S. sanctions, and major energy projects are planned, including an 
industrial-scale solar farm that would secure about a tenth of the country's 
energy needs.

   "The solution to the problem isn't putting solar panels on roofs," Syria's 
interim Energy Minister Mohammad al-Bashir told The Associated Press. "It's 
securing enough power for the families through our networks in Syria. This is 
what we're trying to do."

   Restoring the existing energy infrastructure

   Some of the efforts focus on simply repairing infrastructure destroyed in 
the war. The World Bank recently announced a $146 million grant to help Syria 
repair damaged transmission lines and transformer substations. Al-Bashir said 
Syria's infrastructure that has been repaired can provide 5,000 megawatts, 
about half the country's needs, but fuel and gas shortages have hampered 
generation. With the sanctions lifted, that supply could come in soon.

   More significantly, Syria recently signed a $7 billion energy deal with a 
consortium of Qatari, Turkish, and American companies. The program over the 
next three and a half years would develop four combined-cycle gas turbines with 
a total generating capacity estimated at approximately 4,000 megawatts and a 
1,000-megawatt solar farm. This would "broadly secure the needs" of Syrians, 
said Al-Bashir.

   While Syria is initially focusing on fixing its existing fossil fuel 
infrastructure to improve quality of life, help make businesses functional 
again, and entice investors, the U.N. Development Program said in May that a 
renewable energy plan will be developed in the next year for the country.

   The plan will look at Syria's projected energy demand and determine how much 
of it can come from renewable sources.

   "Given the critical role of energy in Syria's recovery, we have to rapidly 
address energy poverty and progressively accelerate the access to renewable 
energy," Sudipto Mukerjee, UNDP's resident representative in Syria, said in a 
statement announcing the plan.

   Sanctions crippled the power grid

   While the war caused significant damage to Syria's infrastructure, crippling 
Washington-led sanctions imposed during the Assad dynasty's decades of 
draconian rule made it impossible for Syria to secure fuel and spare parts to 
generate power.

   "Many companies over the past period would tell us the sanctions impact 
matters like imports, implementing projects, transferring funds and so on," 
al-Bashir said.

   During a visit to Turkey in May, the minister said Syria could only secure 
about 1700 megawatts, a little less than 20%, of its energy needs.

   A series of executive orders by U.S. President Donald Trump lifted many 
sanctions on Syria, aiming to end the country's isolation from the global 
banking system so that it can become viable again and rebuild itself.

   The United Nations estimates the civil war caused hundreds of billions of 
dollars in damages and economic losses across the country. Some 90% of Syrians 
live in poverty. Buying solar panels, private generators or other means of 
producing their own energy has been out of reach for most of the population.

   "Any kind of economic recovery needs a functional energy sector," said 
Joseph Daher, Syrian-Swiss economist and researcher, who said that stop-gap 
measures like solar panels and private generators were luxuries only available 
to a few who could afford it. "There is also a need to diminish the cost of 
electricity in Syria, which is one of the most expensive in the region."

   Prices for electricity in recent years surged as the country under its 
former rulers struggled with currency inflation and rolling back on subsidies. 
The new officials who inherited the situation say that lifting sanctions will 
help them rectify the country's financial and economic woes, and provide 
sufficient and affordable electricity as soon as they can.

   "The executive order lifts most of the obstacles for political and economic 
investment with Syria," said Qutaiba Idlibi, who leads the Americas section of 
the Foreign Ministry.

   Syria has been under Washington-led sanctions for decades, but designations 
intensified during the war that started in 2011. Even with some waivers for 
humanitarian programs, it was difficult to bring in resources and materials to 
fix Syria's critical infrastructure -- especially electricity -- further 
compounding the woes of the vast majority of Syrians, who live in poverty.

   The focus is economic recovery

   The removal of sanctions signals to U.S. businesses that Trump is serious in 
his support for Syria's recovery, Idlibi said.

   "Right now, we have a partnership with the United States as any normal 
country would do," he said.

   Meanwhile, Al-Jenan is able to turn on both his fans on a hot summer day 
while he watches the afternoon news on TV, as the temperature rises to 35 
degrees Celsius (95 F). He doesn't want to let go of his solar panel but hopes 
the lifting of sanctions will eventually bring sustainable state electricity 
across the country.

   "We can at least know what's going on in the country and watch on TV," he 
said. "We really were cut off from the entire world."